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APA
Style Simplified
To
see sample APA papers from Write Source, click here
Online
source for this information: www.apastyle.org
Basic
Format of Paper:
1. Student papers are double-spaced.
2.. The paper needs to have
one-inch margins. Do not right justify the right margin. Font size needs to be
12 point .
3. Past tense (e.g., “Carson (2001) showed”)
or present perfect tense (e.g., “ Vestavia researchers have
shown” is appropriate
for literature review .
4. If your source has three, four, or five
authors, the first time you cite them, you must list them all. After
that, you list the
first author followed by “et al.” for the rest of the paper.
5. For six or more authors, you can use “et
al.” after the first author for the first and all cites in the body of the
paper. On the reference page, you list them all if there are three to six
authors. If there are seven or
more, you list the first six followed by et al.
Example: Smith et al. (1995)
were investigating . . .
(note: since “et al.” stands for “and others,” it takes a plural
verb).
6. Don't talk about "the research" or
“the study” without giving a citation in first sentence of paragraph.
7. Don't refer to "the article." Refer
to the authors. For example, don't say, "in the article it was
found..." Instead, say "Carson and Adams (2001) found..."
8. Be concise and specific.
For example, it is wordy to say, “The study conducted by Carson (2000)
found. . . ”
It is more concise to simply say, “Carson
(2000) found . . .”
9. When citing, only use the author’s last name. Don’t put first name, title of
article, where the author works, etc.
10. you cannot change the order of the authors
as they are presented in the article when you cite them. The last names cited in
your text and on your reference page must follow the same order as they are
listed on the publication.
Reference Page Formatting
Journal or Magazine Article
(use for journals that start each issue with page one)
Wilcox, R. V. (1991).
Shifting roles and synthetic women in Star Trek:
The Next Generation. Studies in Popular
Culture, 13(2), 53-65.
Journal
of Magazine Article
(use for journals where the page numbering continues from issue to issue)
Dubeck, L. (1990). Science
fiction aids science teaching. Physics
Teacher, 28, 316-318.
***********************************************************************************
Newspaper Article
Di Rado, A. (1995, March
15). Trekking through college: Classes
explore modern society using the world of Star
Trek. Los Angeles
Times, p. A3.
******************************************************************************
Article
from an Internet Database
Mershon, D. H. (1998,
November-December). Star Trek on the brain:
Alien minds, human minds. American Scientist,
86, 585. Retrieved
July 29, 1999, from Expanded Academic ASAP
database.
******************************************************************************
Book
Okuda, M., & Okuda, D.
(1993). Star Trek chronology: The history
of the future. New York: Pocket Books.
******************************************************************************
Book Article or Chapter
James, N. E. (1988). Two
sides of paradise: The Eden myth according
to Kirk and Spock. In D. Palumbo (Ed.), Spectrum
of the fantastic
(pp. 219-223). Westport, CT: Greenwood.
**********************************************************************************
Encyclopedia Article
Sturgeon, T. (1995).
Science fiction. In The encyclopedia Americana
(Vol. 24, pp. 390-392). Danbury, CT: Grolier.
******************************************************************************
ERIC Document
Fuss-Reineck, M. (1993). Sibling
communication in Star Trek: The Next
Generation: Conflicts between brothers.
Miami, FL: Annual Meeting
of the Speech Communication Association. (ERIC
Document
Reproduction Service No. ED 364932)
******************************************************************************
Website
Lynch, T. (1996). DS9
trials and tribble-ations review. Retrieved
October 8, 1997, from Psi Phi: Bradley's Science
Fiction Club
Web site: http://www.bradley.edu/campusorg/psiphi/DS9/ep/
503r.html
***************************************************************************
Document
available on university program or department Web site
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Chou,
L., McClintock, R., Moretti, F., Nix, D. H. (1993). Technology and
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education:
New wine in new bottles: Choosing pasts and imagining educational
futures.
Retrieved August 24, 2000, from Columbia University, Institute for
Learning Technologies Web site: http://www.ilt.columbia.edu/publications/papers/newwine1.html
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If
a document is contained within a large and complex Web site (such as that for a
university or a government agency), identify the host organization and the
relevant program or department before giving the URL for the document itself.
Precede the URL with a colon.
Electronic copy
of a journal article, three to five authors, retrieved from database
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Borman,
W. C., Hanson, M. A., Oppler, S. H., Pulakos, E. D., & White,
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L.
A. (1993). Role of early supervisory experience in supervisor
performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 443-449.
Retrieved October 23, 2000, from PsycARTICLES database.
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AGREEMENT OF
TEXT AND REFERENCE LIST
Every reference cited in
the text must be listed in the reference list; every reference listed in the
reference list must be cited in the text.
TEXT
CITATIONS: Reference citations in text
·
Carson and Adams (2001)
compared choice of blue jeeps….
·
In a study of choice of
jeeps (Carson and Adams,
2001), high school seniors chose….
·
In 2001, Carson and Adams
compared high school seniors’ choice of jeeps….
TITLE PAGE
·
Include the manuscript page
header, page number, running head, title, author(s), and institution on the
title page.
·
Type the manuscript page header in
the upper right-hand corner five spaces to the left of the page number. The
title page is page 1.
·
Type the running head (an
abbreviated title) flush left at the top of the title page in all uppercase
letters.
·
Type the title in uppercase and
lowercase letters centered between the right and left margins and positioned in
the upper half of the page. If the title is more than one line, double-space
between the lines.
·
Type the name(s) of the author(s)
using uppercase and lowercase letters, centered between the right and left
margins, one double-spaced line below the title.
·
Type the institutional affiliation
in full, (The University of Alabama
at Birmingham ) centered under the author's name, on the next double-spaced
line.
·
The title page title, author
name(s), and institution information should be in the upper half of the title
page paper
Example:
(what goes in
upper right header of page 1—allow five spaces between title header and page
number)
Seniors Choose 1
What goes in
the upper left header (an abbreviated title) of title page?
Running head: SENIORS
CHOOSE JEEPS FOR SAFETY
What
needs to be on the title page on the upper half of the sheet?
High
School Seniors Choose Jeeps over Compact Cars for Safety Reasons
Dalton
Carson and Charlotte Adams
The
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Notes
·
Arrange the items on your reference list alphabetically by author,
interfiling books, articles, etc.
·
Indent the second and following lines 5 to 7 spaces or one half inch.
·
Use only the initials of the authors' first (and middle) names.
·
If no author is given, start with the title and then the date.
·
If you are using a typewriter that cannot produce italics, then
use underlining instead.
·
Magazine articles: include the month (and day) as shown under Newspapers.
·
Websites: if the date the page was created is not given, use (n.d.).
·
The rules concerning a title within a title are not displayed here
for purposes of clarity. See the printed version of the manual for details.
·
For documents and situations not listed here, see the printed version of
the APA Manual or visit the APA’s website:
www.apastyle.org
Source:
www.apastyle.org
For discussion, Post on the Forum!
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